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December 29 HOW DO YOU THINK OF CHINESE CUISINE? Chinese cuisine is one of the delights of the world. There are few people who have not tried Chinese dishes of some sort at one of the many Chinese restaurants that exist in their own country. Most visitors appreciate the fact that Chinese cooking has traditions, which go further back in history than those of French cuisine. They understand that it is an art, which grew out of a highly developed civilization. The infinite numbers of Chinese dishes, flavors, textures, and methods of cooking, ,ake eating Chinese food exciting.
Another fact is that Chinese cuisine can be converiently prepared in home kitchens. Chinese people value their way of dining very much. There is an old saying that says, "Food is the first necessity of the people." Delicious and nutritious food has been regarded as the basis of life. Chinese cooking uses almost all the meat, poultry, fish,and vegetablesknown to the Western plated with food served at many of the Chinese restaurnts aboard, visitors will almost certainly find a difference in qulaity, substance, and style in the food prepared in China itself.
   December 22 @@@@陕西八大怪@@@@1、面条宽得像裤带。 西安的面条都是自己手工擀，所以又宽又厚，人们戏说像腰带； 2、锅盔大得赛锅盖。 西安的大饼——锅盔(一种面食)，做得非常大，就像锅盖一样，很硬，在武汉也看到过叫石头饼； 3、油泼辣子一道菜。 陕西人特能吃辣，还能做出“辣椒宴”,适合小茉莉这样的去发展； 4、老碗似盆分不开。 陕西人吃饭用的是叫“海碗”，大得能装下平常碗的三四倍； 5、家家房子半边盖。 那里的民房的房顶向一边倾斜，不像南方的像人字形分开，而且一面是没有窗户和门； 6、有凳不坐蹲起来。 陕西人吃饭的时候喜欢捧着个大碗蹲着吃； 7、妇女手帕头上戴。 据说是风尘多的原因，那里的妇女头上都戴着自家织的手帕； 8、秦腔大戏吼起来。 陕西人不仅信天游唱得出彩，吼起秦腔大戏来也有板有眼 无言 忘了什么时候开始喜欢上文字的。十来岁的我只喜欢在古色古香的信纸上涂鸦，用铅笔在画满圈的纸上继续画圈，画上高楼大厦，市井房屋。或者趴在案上，看父亲执笔写作，凝神静思，笔耕不辍。再到稍微大一点儿的时候，就把父亲装在纸箱子里的书偷偷的拿出来，等到家人都睡着了，自己就点上蜡烛，视字如命的读。读《老子》，仿佛看到了几千年圣哲出关时骑着的驴的落寞背影；读《幼学琼林》，仿佛看见了号为闪电的雷鞭和雷部的至捷之鬼律令；读《列宁选集》，仿佛看到了屹立于历史大潮中闪耀着光辉智慧的哲学体系；读《德川家康》，仿佛看到了日本历史上那个气吞山河，能屈能伸的皇帝…… 直到现在，对汉字懵懂的我开始使用汉字了。便一发不可收拾，喜欢从笔端倾泻出的或轻松或沉重的文字。写作完成以后，将全稿通读，感觉心是晶莹剔透的，到处都是文字，跳落在我的肩膀上，进入到我的血液里。随着写作，越发喜欢中国的汉字了---准确的表达一个点，一条线，一份牵挂，一种感觉……一个词语就包含千千万。不需要粉饰，不需要装点，还原自己的心情，寄托自己的牵挂，在文字里找到真实的自己，没有俗人市侩的虚无惨淡，有的只是自由和思想激烈碰撞的文学火花。 有人说：知识是力量的源泉。我说：文字是知识的基础。没有文字，人类就没有发展的动力，就没有思想，就不会产生哲学。没有哲学，大概就不会有这个世界了吧。倾听清灵的文字碰撞产生的最根本的最基础的人的拳拳心语，感受文字在生活中的巨大作用，忽的就佩服起仓颉了。仓颉到底哪里好呢？不知道。 字多了，就读起书了。读了多了，就不免想卷起袖子，试着评论一番。有时候，和朋友们意见不同，面红耳赤的争个没完，大有你死我活的气势，便跑着去问老师。老师却辩证的去回答，给出一个似是而非的答案。接着，便又是一番面红耳赤。 从字到词，到句，一直到章，处处彰显着中华文明的千年秘史。而中国的文化不会消失，会顺应这历史的潮流滚滚向前。 December 15 梅兰芳电影
电影中梅兰芳的妻子是福芝芳，是包办婚姻的产物；后来又与孟小冬发生了撕心裂肺的爱情，是自由恋爱。梅、孟是在一次曲会相遇，雨中一朵轻巧蓝伞罩住两人，梅一身白西装，孟一袭青绿竖纹素灰旗袍。两人清唱了《游龙戏凤》。继而梅对孟产生了炽热的感情，不惜回戏、在“伶界大王”赠匾仪式上匆匆离去，以求实现“跟你看一场电影”这个卑微的小愿望。 鉴于孟对梅产生了重要影响，而这种影响未必是众人所乐见，邱几次劝进，福芝芳更是亲自上门谈判，邱更激烈地暗地里雇人采用假刺杀行动试图惊散这对野鸳鸯。事败后刺客惨死，邱瞠目结舌。 最终孟小冬识大体，主动离开了梅，让他去了美国。从此再未见面。代表着梅兰芳爱情与“放纵”欲望的、写着两人名字的戏单折成的纸飞机缓缓不知飞向何方…… 历史 梅兰芳很早就结了婚，头一位妻子是王明华。王给梅生过两个孩子，可惜都早夭。因做过绝育手术，后来只能接受梅再娶福芝芳的事实。王对梅帮助也很大，可惜福芝芳入门之后黯然失色，后来病体缠身，避居天津，梅宅的主导权都落在福芝芳手中。福芝芳是旗人女子，性格爽朗，为人周到，周围人等都晓得梅宅有个厉害的大奶奶(虽晚入门，地位仍为正妻)。 梅、孟的结合，绝不是什么自由恋爱。两人的相识有多个版本，最流行的版本是梅党如冯耿光之流撺掇二人，以分福芝芳的权；最诡异的版本是王明华因不甘心而导演了两人结识。总之事实上两人成了，自然绝不止是清纯地“看看电影”就罢了，梅置下另外的宅子，正式同居。或许梅最初对孟许了名分，后来孟在一次梅家的长辈葬礼时登门梅宅，结果被福芝芳拒之门外。根本不像电影中两个女人还谈心，俩人从头到尾根本面都没照过一次。刺杀案也影响了梅孟关系。虽然这件案子具体案情可以说扑朔迷离，连具体刺客是谁都有两个版本，拥梅的与拥孟的也各执一词，但最基本的事实大概是：刺客针对的是梅兰芳，但误杀了梅的朋友、北京《大陆晚报》的经理张汉举，刺客最后被军警击毙。与电影中针对孟小冬的情节大相径庭。很流行的说法是刺客是孟的戏迷。而据说福芝芳事后高调又撇清的一句“大爷的命要紧”，无疑更在两个女人的战争中占了上风。 孟小冬最终与梅兰芳黯然分手。梅还分了孟四万赡养费。高傲的孟，不是没有怨气，事后几年曾公开在报纸上发一启事，讲述梅孟纠葛，剖析心迹。梅兰芳及梅党没有作出任何回应。她更发下誓愿，再嫁就要嫁个比梅兰芳更好的人物。孟小冬多少算是实践了自己的心愿：她的第二个男人是杜月笙，跺跺脚整个中国也要跟着晃一晃的人物。虽然那也并不是一个多么幸福的故事。晚年孟小冬如古佛，冷冷清清地死在了台湾。 另外，梅孟之间仅仅同台过两次，一次《游龙戏凤》，一次《四郎探母·坐宫》。戏台子上也绝不可能出现电影里的那种假浪漫激情场景：孟唱完后当着满堂观众，摘了髯口，与一身戏装(女装)的梅热烈对望。   齐如山与梅兰芳
电影 邱如白是冯子光的好朋友，留洋归来后担任司法部长，以其研究欧洲戏剧与冯子光绍介的缘故，被梨园公会邀请做演讲。这是梅兰芳与邱如白的第一次见面，戏剧化地是梅兰芳因为上面提到的陪酒情节，迟到了，被邱如白特地拎出来批评一番。两人间几十年的爱恨情仇果然有一个不平凡的开始。邱的演讲重点在于批评中国传统戏曲，比如戏曲演员需要勒头，“把整张脸都绷住了，没有人的表情。”他新颖的观点让青年梅兰芳印象深刻，而同样在座的十三燕与其管事费二爷则嗤笑不已，将邱视为“棒槌”，即不懂戏的人。 蔑视传统戏曲的邱如白，不久后就观看了梅兰芳的表演：一次群贤毕至的堂会上，来宾有革新派(如蔡元培)、守旧派还有袁世凯大总统，梅兰芳表演昆曲《牡丹亭·惊梦》一折。传说中的一见钟情也不过如此：邱如白被梅兰芳的美征服了，他瞪圆了眼睛，情不自禁地站起来领导鼓掌喝彩。他对戏曲的态度因为梅兰芳而180度转弯，接下来写信给梅建议修改《汾河湾》身段、不顾五世为官的家族反对而挂冠辞官，全心全意帮助梅兰芳。而梅兰芳也热情对待邱，接了信后就亲自上门拜访，一脸等待长者指导的炽热——直让人想起古希腊时代少年男子必有一位知心长者陪伴成长的暧昧关系……二人在伯夷、叔齐首阳山图前跪拜，结下良缘。 以后的日子里，邱以梅兰芳经纪人的姿态，全面发力，代表事件如力劝梅兰芳赴美演出，以夺得世界性声誉；更有感情色彩的，是在孟小冬插足事件发生后。邱忧心忡忡，担心孟抢夺了梅心中的戏的地位。在一场戏中，邱如白与梅兰芳妻子福芝芳坐在台下，观看台上梅兰芳与孟小冬表演《游龙戏凤》，邱如白眼睛里不断射出懊恼的光，幽幽地、酸酸地道：“这戏是越演越真了。”听得福芝芳脸色大变。此后邱夜访孟宅，更与孟倾谈高呼“谁要是毁了他这份孤单，谁就毁了梅兰芳。”眼见梅孟分手无果，邱更暗自雇佣枪手，在一次宴会中假装刺杀孟小冬，以求吓倒孟小冬，让二人分手。此事后来被梅兰芳在赴美演出首演当夜发现，梅、邱之间才出现了第一道裂痕。漫漫风雪长夜，梅兰芳离了邱如白，寂寞地独自散步在纽约街头，邱如白怔怔地眼望着他离去…… 两人的第二道裂痕发生在战争期间。九一八事变后，邱希望梅继续留在北平，这样对他的艺术生涯有利。他的意见是：“德国攻陷了英国，英国人就不演莎士比亚了吗？”而梅更愿意离开北平，定居上海。两人分开。可邱何尝一日忘怀梅。落魄的他头发白了，袍子旧了，仿佛失了魂，在小酒馆里看到别人唱《贵妃醉酒》都发癫似的冲上去，力斥人家演得不像梅兰芳。被打后回到家，呆望着当年结拜时的伯夷叔齐图怔怔流泪。 因为这种痛心，当日本军官田中隆一规劝齐如山说服梅出演后，他冲动地以梅的名义发布演出消息。结果造成梅的困境，被日本人拘捕后召开发布会，自伤身体，并蓄须言志，声明绝不出演。此时梅对于邱，可谓爱恨交集。而邱到发布会上才理解了梅的决心。在病榻旁，邱痴情地望着昏睡的梅，泪眼婆娑地喃喃自语：“你想做一个凡人……” 就艺术追求来看，邱就是要把梅塑造成神，艺术的神、没有国界的神，他就是成神的最大推手。就私人感情来说，用梅兰芳妻子福芝芳不乏凄厉的话来形容，他跟大爷简直没一刻离了身。按邱如白扮演者孙红雷的理解，“邱如白跟梅兰芳是一生的……说是爱情，太狭隘了。连他自己也不知道自己是不是喜欢梅兰芳。”梅兰芳扮演者黎明(听歌)也说，两人是爱着的。如果戏言邱如白才是电影第一女主，那也是没错的。邱如白是狂热的、艺术至上的、爱着的。 历史 历史上的齐如山，乃梅党最重要成员之一与一代国剧理论宗师。其一生纠葛评价，绝对无法与梅兰芳分开。 就历史细节来看，齐如山的确是留学归来后在梨园公会做了次讲演，批评中国戏曲。他是高阳人，从小看戏长大，去了欧洲后就有点看不起中国戏曲了。有趣的是，电影中的演讲内容讲到勒头，而旦角勒头，其实是始创于梅兰芳的爷爷梅巧玲。这次演讲，谭鑫培的确在座，谭老爷子其实是个很开放的人，并不保守，一生最爱改戏，对齐如山的批评言论也保持欢迎态度。当然，等齐如山认识到中国戏曲博大之后投身戏曲研究后，谭鑫培还是赞赏他。当时这次讲演梅兰芳应该不在座，齐如山后来回忆中似乎并没有提到。 齐第一次看梅的戏，不是昆曲《惊梦》，是京剧《汾河湾》。接下来齐写信提建议，两人通书信两年之后才见面，也的确是梅主动约见齐。这是齐的持重，毕竟官宦世家子弟与戏子(当时几与“相公”同等看待)交往，在社会舆论上容易有非议。齐、梅订交后，齐的确帮助梅很大，梅的新戏十九是由齐策划、编写。赴日、赴美齐全程跟随，统筹诸种事宜，两人与余叔岩等一起创办“国剧学会”等。电影中更多把邱如白描写为经纪人，其实齐如山更像是梅家班的导演与宣传总监。 相对其他梅党对“梅郎”的公开“争风吃醋”，齐如山没有表现出个人的“私情”是如何，他更关注的还是戏，至少表现得是这样。连两人间热切的话儿，也没说过几句。很矜持的。 再如对梅孟之恋，相比其他梅党，几乎没听说齐如山有什么参与的行为与言论。 直到九一八事变后，齐如山与冯耿光就梅兰芳去向问题发生争执，最后梅兰芳采纳冯耿光意见，迁居上海，齐如山留在了北京，两人分开。齐如山颇凄楚而伤感、骄傲又倔强地写信给梅：“我从民国二年冬天给你写信，至今已二十年了。……我大部分的功夫，都用在您的身上。……您自今以前，艺术日有进步；自今之后，算是停止住了。”此后两人联系很少，大概也见过，详细内情就不为外人所道了。 离开了齐如山的梅兰芳，在艺术上并未停步，先后创排新剧《抗金兵》、《生死恨》，赴苏联访欧洲。可惜接下来的八年抗战辍演与建国后的政治任务导致梅的晚期创作只得一出《穆桂英挂帅》。解放后齐如山去了台湾，梅兰芳留在大陆，两人当时各自力劝对方来自己这边，没成功，自此天各一方。某种意义上说，齐的确说中了梅的命运。 1961年齐听到梅的死讯后，当天拿出珍藏的梅的手迹，日日摩挲，老泪纵横。第二年就死了。 齐如山是一个在品格上很清高、艺术上很骄傲的人，对于政治抱持着冷漠疏离而清醒理智的态度，在私人操守上甚为严谨，对梅，所谓“造神”的期许或许并不少，但是否有爱情，就不是众人所知晓的了。
December 12 12 animalsChinese Zodiac (The 12 Animal Signs)
More than 3,000 years ago, our ancestors invented the 10 tian gan ( or 10 heavenly stems ) and 12 di zhi ( or 12 earthly branches ) for chronological purposes. These signs are used to designate the hours, days, months and years. However, since most people at that time were illiterate, the signs were difficult to use. Later, to make things easier to memorize, people use animals to symbolize the 12 earthly branches, the animals in order are the mouse, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig.
The daily time for different animals are shown as follows: Many Chinese people strongly believe that the time of a person’s birth is the primary factor in determining that person’s personality. Many fortune-tellers, when telling your fortune, say they need to know is your exact time of birth. Then, whether you are successful in your life and career, or whether you will be happy is clear to the fortune-teller.
You might ask why these signs are named after these animals and not others. According to one legend, during a Chinese new year celebration, Buddha invited all the animals to his kingdom, but unfortunately, for reasons only known to the animals, a total of 12 turned up, the mouse was naturally the first, followed by ox, then the tiger, the rabbit and so on and finally the pig.
Out of gratitude, Buddha decided to name the year after each of the animals in their order of arrival, and people born of that year would inherit some of the personality traits of that particular animal. These animals are also supposed to have some influence over the period of time they were named after.
It is essential in China that every person knows which animal sign he I s born under. That is because it has been implicitly agreed upon that on important steps of life should be taken without consulting first the Chinese Zodiac. Some Chinese consider this superstition, but many truly believe that the signs reveal the hidden secrets of a person’s character.
The 12 Animal Signs (十二生肖对照表) Mouse 1900 1912 1924 1936 1948 1960 1972 1984 1996 2008 2020 2032 Ox 1901 1913 1925 1937 1949 1961 1973 1985 1997 2009 2021 2033 Tiger 1902 1914 1926 1938 1950 1962 1974 1986 1998 2010 2022 2034 Rabbit 1903 1915 1927 1939 1951 1963 1975 1987 1999 2011 2023 2035 Dragon 1904 1916 1928 1940 1952 1964 1976 1988 2000 2012 2024 2036 Snake 1905 1917 1929 1941 1953 1965 1977 1989 2001 2013 2025 2037 Horse 1906 1918 1930 1942 1954 1966 1978 1990 2002 2014 2026 2038 Sheep 1907 1919 1931 1943 1955 1967 1979 1991 2003 2015 2027 2039 Monkey 1908 1920 1932 1944 1956 1968 1980 1992 2004 2016 2028 2040 Rooster 1909 1921 1933 1945 1957 1969 1981 1993 2005 2017 2029 2041 Dog 1910 1922 1934 1946 1958 1970 1982 1994 2006 2018 2030 2042 Pig 1911 1923 1935 1947 1959 1971 1983 1995 2007 2019 2031 2043
1. People born in the year of the mouse are said to be temperamental, alert, sensitive, open-minded, gentle and soft. 2. People born in the year of the ox are said to be firm, tenacious, diligent, honest and happy maybe a little stubborn. 3. People born in the year of the tiger are said to be bright, enthusiastic, bold and unstrained but quick tempered, for females they may be as tender as a lovely cat. 4. People born in the year of the rabbit are said to be kind, considerate, gentle, quiet, attentive, polite and peaceable but a little self-conceited. 5. People born in the year of the dragon are said to be honorable, brave, healthy, energetic and intelligent, but may also be very temperamental and stubborn. 6. People born in the year of the snake are said to be wealthy, intelligent but maybe egotistical and conceited. 7. People born in the year of the horse are said to be energetic, high-spirited, popular humorous and intelligent but occasionally quick tempered. 8. People born in the year of the sheep are said to be prudent, gentle, honest, calm, compassionate and fashionable but may be extremely dependent. 9. People born in the year of the monkey are said to be shrewd, creative, agile and successful but irritable, sly and lack of respect for others. 10. People born in the year of the rooster are said to be energetic, outspoken, enterprising, forceful, romantic and profound in thinking but they may be spendthrifts and suspicious. 11. People born in the year of the dog are said to be faithful, trustworthy, righteous and responsible but not very social able and may be a little obstinate. 12. People born in the year of the pig are said to be gentle, magnanimous, reliable, tolerant and calm but a little lazy and may not be very clever.
December 07 Chiese Qipao The general characteristics of the early Qipao were a single piece of cloth that would cover the whole body, down to the feet.Around the neck, the collar would be high to help secure outfit. The materials was loose, with slits on the side only allow for easier movement.
While the Qing Dynasty fell, the center of Chinese fashion became Shanghai, where the Western influence was the highest. It was there that the form of QiPao we see most commonly today:slender fit and shorter sleeves, with two big slits at each side of the hem, for covenient movement, but now wonderfullu display the slender legs of women. Simplicity is one of its features from hte collar, loop, chest, waist and hips to the lower hem. Qipao almost varies with a woman's figure. Practicality always goes with beauty. Like a Chinese woman's temperament, QiPao is elegant and gentle.
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